Rwanda-backed M23 rebels have announced a unilateral ceasefire in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) following their recent capture of Goma, a significant city in the eastern region. The ceasefire, which the rebel group declared on Monday, is set to take effect on Tuesday and is described as a humanitarian measure amid escalating violence.
The M23 rebels completed their takeover of Goma, the regional capital, after intense clashes with Congolese forces that lasted three days. Reports indicate that at least 900 people lost their lives during the fighting, with Congo’s communications minister, Patrick Muyaya, stating that over 2,000 bodies remain unburied in the city. The violence has led to a humanitarian crisis, displacing hundreds of thousands of residents who fled the city, many seeking refuge in neighboring Rwanda.
The ceasefire announcement coincides with calls from G7 foreign ministers, including representatives from the UK, urging both the M23 and the Congolese government to engage in dialogue and ensure the safe passage of humanitarian aid. The fighting has exacerbated an already dire situation, as Goma, home to around two million people, is located in a region rich in minerals, vital for global technology.
Despite the ceasefire, Goma remains under rebel control, and the M23 has indicated intentions to advance towards Bukavu in South Kivu province. However, they claim to be halted by Congolese troops, who are reportedly supported by forces from Burundi. M23 spokesman Lawrence Kanyuka emphasized that the group has no plans to capture Bukavu or other areas, reiterating their commitment to protect civilians.
This recent escalation in violence has historical roots, with the M23 claiming to defend ethnic Tutsis in the DRC from persecution by Hutu groups, which have ties to the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The conflict has drawn in various armed groups, with M23 being one of the most formidable factions among over 100 active in the region. The rebels are believed to be supported by approximately 4,000 Rwandan troops, a significant increase compared to their previous incursion in 2012.
The Congolese government has expressed a willingness to engage in talks, provided they adhere to previous peace agreements. Meanwhile, Rwanda and the M23 accuse the DRC of failing to honor past agreements, complicating the path toward a peaceful resolution.
As the situation develops, the international community is closely monitoring the ceasefire’s implications for humanitarian access and regional stability, with a joint summit of southern and eastern African leaders planned for this week to discuss the ongoing crisis.