Breast cancer rates among young women are rising at an alarming rate across the United States, with new research highlighting significant geographic disparities in incidence. A study conducted by Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health reveals that states like New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut have some of the highest rates of breast cancer in women under 40, prompting calls for targeted efforts to identify and assist at-risk groups.
The study, which analyzed data from the US Cancer Statistics database covering the years 2001 to 2020, found that breast cancer incidence in women aged 25 to 39 increased by more than 0.5% per year in 21 states. While the Western region recorded the most substantial rise, the Northeast exhibited the highest overall rates among younger women, with Connecticut reporting 41 cases per 100,000. In contrast, the South was the only region where rates did not increase during the study period.
Rebecca Kehm, the study’s lead author and an assistant professor of epidemiology at Columbia, emphasized the need for more research to understand the factors contributing to these alarming trends. "Our findings can more accurately inform whether exposures that vary in prevalence across the US also contribute to breast cancer risk in younger women," she stated.
The study also highlighted that while Hispanic women had the lowest rates of early-onset breast cancer, non-Hispanic Black women experienced the highest incidence nationwide. Notably, non-Hispanic white women were the only demographic to see a statistically significant increase in early-onset breast cancer across all regions.
Researchers are investigating potential causes for the geographic differences in breast cancer rates, including environmental exposures and lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption. Alcohol is considered a leading modifiable risk factor, with studies indicating that even moderate drinking can increase breast cancer risk. The study noted that states with higher alcohol consumption, influenced by cultural and socioeconomic factors, could see corresponding increases in breast cancer rates.
Mary Beth Terry, a senior author on the study, pointed out that environmental factors during childhood and adolescence might also play a role in the rising incidence of breast cancer among younger women. She called for more research and interventions, particularly in areas like New York City, where health disparities are evident.
The rising rates of breast cancer in younger women have prompted health organizations to reconsider screening guidelines. The US Preventive Services Task Force now recommends that women begin breast cancer screenings every two years starting at age 40, reflecting the growing number of cases in this demographic. In 2025, the American Cancer Society anticipates that approximately 316,950 new breast cancer cases will be diagnosed in women, with 42,170 expected fatalities.
As researchers continue to explore the underlying causes of this concerning trend, the findings underscore the importance of awareness and early detection in combating breast cancer, particularly among younger populations.